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・ Collared myna
・ Collared nightjar
・ Collared owlet
・ Collared palm thrush
・ Collared peccary
・ Collared petrel
・ Collared pika
・ Collared pipistrelle
・ Collared plover
・ Collared pratincole
・ Collared puffbird
・ Collared reed snake
・ Collared scops owl
・ Collared sparrowhawk
・ Collared sunbird
Collared titi
・ Collared towhee
・ Collared treepie
・ Collared trogon
・ Collared tuco-tuco
・ Collared warbling finch
・ Collared whitestart
・ Collarenebri
・ Collarenebri Airport
・ Collaria
・ Collarity
・ Collarmele
・ Collaro
・ Collaroy Plateau
・ Collaroy, New South Wales


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Collared titi : ウィキペディア英語版
Collared titi

The collared titi, ''Callicebus torquatus'', is a species or a closely related complex of species of titi, a type of New World monkey, from South America.
== Taxonomy ==

At the end of the 1980s the ''Callicebus'' genus was revised from the Hershkovitz concept of three species to thirteen neotropical species, with the collared titi, ''Callicebus torquatus'', having four subspecies. In 2001 Colin Groves elevated one of the subspecies, the Colombian black-handed titi, ''C. t. medemi'', to ''Callicebus medemi'' and a year later Van Roosmalen ''et al''. elevated the remaining subspecies to species. These last changes were made with few arguments to support the changes and were apparently influenced by the increasing use of the so-called phylogenetic species concept of Cracraft, which seeks to define species as the "smallest diagnosable cluster of individual organisms within which there is a parental pattern of ancestry and descent." This might work given enough information, which is usually not the case. The recent discovery of a diploid number of 16 for the black titi, ''Callicebus lugens'', in Brazil certainly suggests that (with the previously known 2n=20 of another, unidentified population of ''C. torquatus'') there are at least two species in this complex. But whether the Lucifer titi, ''Callicebus lucifer'', or the Colombian black-handed titi, ''Callicebus medemi'', are good species from this complex is in doubt. They are probably subspecies of ''Callicebus torquatus''. Nevertheless, in this treatment ''C. torquatus'' is used in the sense of Hershkovitz (1990) until the systematics of this species complex becomes clearer.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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